In
Japan, medical devices and drugs can be chosen as orphan medical devices or
drugs as per the Pharmaceutical Affairs Clause under Article 77-2(PDF: 87KB).
The only condition is that it should be used in Japan on less than Fifty
Thousand patients. In Japan
Orphan designation of medical devices and drugs are done by MHLW based
up on the view of PAFSC.
MHLW
designates medical devices and drugs only after it thinks that they are
applicable and match best with some underlined criteria. Once the applicants
give an application for the orphan designation, they are designated. The MHLW
Orphan designation based on following criteria:
(1) How many patients? In
Japan, the total number of availability of patients about to use the medical
device or drug should not exceed 50,000. The estimation of total patients
should be done on the basis of the data that has been published by credible
scientific societies or the report derived from Health & Labor Science
Research. It is more difficult to estimate total patient population than to
treat them. Lack in research work leads to inaccurate calculation of the
patient population. Thus, vivid statistical data are used for indicating that
total patients are not more than 50,000.
(2)
Medical requirements
– The medical devices or drugs should be designated for treating serious
diseases, together with diseases that are not easy to treat. In addition to
this, those orphan medical devices or drugs must be used only when there is
need of high medication. The criteria are mentioned below:
·
There isn’t any
alternative medical device/drug or treatment.
·
Safety or high
efficacy is expected when compared with the existing products.
(3)
Development
Possibility – As per the clause, the orphan medical device or drug should be
used to cure the targeted disease when there is valid theoretical rationale and
also there should be appropriate development plan.
Since 2006, applicants are eligible for
applying for the orphan medical device/drug designation along with subsequent new
drugs, only on the ground that the total patient using the drug or medical
device is not more than 50,000 and comes under below mentioned situations.
·
If through normal
vaccine life taking disease, that is reported only overseas or rarely found in
Japan, cannot be prevented.
A
normal vaccine unable to cure emerging infectious disease linked up with
hereditary mutation, then in such case they are brought into use.